Myokit

Citing Myokit

If you're using Myokit in your research, please cite:

All feedback, positive and negative, is welcome! If you are using Myokit for research or education, please let us know by emailing Michael Clerx (michael@myokit.org).

Myokit locations. Click to enlarge.

Publications using Myokit

1. Phase resetting in human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes explains complex cardiac arrhythmias Diagne & Bury et al. 2026 PLOS Computational Biology doi: 10.1016/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013935
2. Mechano-Electrical Feedback in Transgenic Rabbit Models of LQT2 and SQT1 Alerni et al. 2026 EP Europace doi: 10.1093/europace/euag011
3. Spatiotemporal determinants of stretch-activated channel-induced re-entry in ventricular tissue; an in-silico study Buonocunto et al. 2025 Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2025.11.007
4. Development of a Sex-Specific Action Potential Model for Rabbit Atrial Cells Pera et al. 2025 Computing in Cardiology 2025 doi: 10.22489/CinC.2025.370
5. AAV9-Mediated KCNH2-Suppression-Replacement Gene Therapy in Transgenic Rabbit Models with Type 1 Short QT Syndrome Nimani et al. 2025 European Heart Journal doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf660
6. IonBench; a benchmark of optimisation strategies for mathematical models of ion channel currents Owen et al. 2025 PLOS Computational Biology doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013319
7. Dominant ionic currents in rabbit ventricular action potential dynamics Yang et al. 2025 PLOS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328261
8. Computational modelling of the pro- and antiarrhythmic effects of atrial high rate-dependent trafficking of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels Meier et al. 2025 Journal of Physiology doi: 10.1113/JP288659
9. Comparison of in silico predictions of action potential duration in response to inhibition of IKr and ICaL with new human ex vivo recordings Barral et al. 2025 PLOS Computational Biology doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012913
10. Resolving artefacts in voltage-clamp experiments with computational modelling; an application to fast sodium current recordings Lei et al. 2025 Advanced Science doi: 10.1002/advs.202500691
11. Physically motivated projection of the electrocardiogram Wildowicz et al. 2025 Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.03.001
12. Advanced Cardiovascular Toxicity Screening: Integrating Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes with 2D In Silico Models Sinitsyna et al. 2025 Cardiovascular Toxicology doi: 10.1007/s12012-025-09987-1
13. A large population of cell-specific action potential models replicating fluorescence recordings of voltage in rabbit ventricular myocytes Simitev et al. 2025 Royal Society Open Science doi: 10.1098/rsos.241539
14. Modelling the effect of experimental conditions that influence rundown of L-type calcium current Agrawal et al. 2025 Wellcome open research doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23558.1
15. Optimizing experimental designs for model selection of ion channel drug binding mechanisms Patten-Elliott et al. 2025 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A doi: 10.1098/rsta.2024.0227
16. Learning the Hodgkin-Huxley Model with Operator Learning Techniques Centofanti et al. 2024 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117381
17. gotranx: General ODE translator Finsberg & Hake 2024 Journal of Open Source Software doi: 10.21105/joss.07063
18. Investigation of Mechanisms of Age-Related Increase in Atrial Arrhythmia Susceptibility Using Computational Ionic Models of Atrial Cardiomyocytes Belogurova et al. 2024 IEEE Sibircon doi: 10.1109/SIBIRCON63777.2024.10758460
19. The impact of high frequency-based stability on the onset of action potentials in neuron models Cerpa et al. 2024 SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics doi: 10.1137/24M1645632
20. A range of voltage-clamp protocol designs for rapid capture of hERG kinetics Lei et al. 2024 Wellcome open research doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23319.1
21. Beneficial normalization of cardiac repolarixation by carnitine in transgenic short QT syndrome type 1 rabbit models Bodi et al. 2024 Cardiovascular Research doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvae149
22. Single-cell ionic current phenotyping elucidates non-canonical features and predictive potential of cardiomyocytes during automated drug experiments Clark et al. 2024 Journal of Physiology doi: 10.1113/jp285120
23. Single-cell ionic current phenotyping explains stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte action potential morphology Clark et al. 2024 AJPHeart doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00063.2024
24. Novel Gain-of-Function Mutation in the Kv11.1 Channel Found in Patient with Brugada Syndrome and Mild QTc Shortening Abramochkin et al. 2024 Biochemistry (Moscow) doi: 10.1134/s000629792403012x
25. Chi: A Python package for treatment response modelling Augustin 2024 Journal of Open Source Software doi: 10.21105/joss.05925
26. Optimization of a Cardiomyocyte Model Illuminates Role of Increased INaL in Repolarization Reserve Fullerton et al. 2024 AJPHeart doi: ajpheart.00553.2023
27. Non-Invasive Electroanatomical Mapping; A State-Space Approach for Myocardial Current Density Estimation Engelhardt et al. 2023 Bioengineering doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10121432
28. Boundary Integral Formulation of the Cell-by-Cell Model of Cardiac Electrophysiology De Souza et al. 2023 Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements doi: j.enganabound.2023.10.021
29. Model-driven optimal experimental design for calibrating cardiac electrophysiology models Lei et al. 2023 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107690
30. Lei, Whittaker, Mirams (2023) The impact of uncertainty in hERG binding mechanism on in silico predictions of drug-induced proarrhythmic risk Lei et al. 2023 British Journal of Pharmacology doi: 10.1111/bph.16250
31. A concept for myocardial current density estimation with magnetoelectric sensors Engelhardt et al. 2023 Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering doi: 10.1515/cdbme-2023-1023
32. Leak current, even with gigaohm seals, can cause misinterpretation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte action potential recordings Clark et al. 2023 EP Europace doi: 10.1093/europace/euad243
33. Modeling the functional heterogeneity and conditions for the occurrence of microreentry in procedurally created atrial fibrous tissue Kalinin et al. 2023 Journal of Applied Physics doi: 10.1063/5.0151624
34. Mathematical Modelling of Leptin-Induced Effects on Electrophysiological Properties of Rat Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Arrhythmias Nesterova et al. 2023 Mathematics doi: 10.3390/math11040874
35. Filter inference; A scalable nonlinear mixed effects inference approach for snapshot time series data Augustin et al. 2023 PLOS Computational Biology doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011135
36. Electrophysiological and calcium-handling development during long-term culture of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes Seibertz et al. 2023 Basic Research in Cardiology doi: 10.1007/s00395-022-00973-0
37. ActionPytential; An open source tool for analyzing and visualizing cardiac action potential data Arpadffy-Lovas & Nagy 2023 Heliyon doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14440
38. Importance of modelling hERG binding in predicting drug-induced action potential prolongations for drug safety assessment Farm et al. 2023 Frontiers in Pharmacology doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110555
39. In silico analysis of the dynamic regulation of cardiac electrophysiology by Kv11.1 ion-channel trafficking Meier et al. 2023 Journal of Physiology doi: 10.1113/JP283976
40. Improving the hERG model fitting using a deep learning-based method Song et al. 2023 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1111967
41. Modelling the Effect of Intracellular Calcium in the Rundown of L-Type Calcium Current Agrawal et al. 2022 Computing in Cardiology 2022 doi: 10.22489/CinC.2022.051
42. Normalisation of Action Potential Data Recorded with Sharp Electrodes Maximises Its Utility for Model Development Barral et al. 2022 Computing in Cardiology 2022 doi: 10.22489/CinC.2022.356
43. Derivative-based Inference for Cell and Channel Electrophysiology Models Clerx et al. 2022 Computing in Cardiology 2022 doi: 10.22489/CinC.2022.287
44. Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin Sex-Dependently Modulates Action Potential in an In Silico Human Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Model Sutanto et al. 2022 Antioxidants doi: 10.3390/antiox11091672
45. Models of the cardiac L-type calcium current: A quantitative review Agrawal et al. 2022 Wires Mechanisms of Disease doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1581
46. Ion channel model reduction using manifold boundaries Whittaker et al. 2022 Journal of the Royal Society: Interface doi: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0193
47. Disruption of a Conservative Motif in the C-Terminal Loop of the KCNQ1 Channel Causes LQT Syndrome Karlova et al. 2022 International journal of molecular sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms23147953
48. A parameter representing missing charge should be considered when calibrating action potential models Barral et al. 2022 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879035
49. Integrative Computational Modeling of Cardiomyocyte Calcium Handling and Cardiac Arrhythmias Current Status and Future Challenges Sutanto & Heijman 2022 Cells doi: 10.3390/cells11071090
50. Treatment response prediction: Is model selection unreliable? Augustin et al. 2022 bioRxiv doi: 10.1101/2022.03.19.483454
51. Novel insights into the electrophysiology of murine cardiac macrophages: relevance of voltage-gated potassium channels Simon-Chica et al. 2022 Cardiovascular Research doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab126
52. Individual Contributions of Cardiac Ion Channels on Atrial Repolarization and Reentrant Waves: A Multiscale In-Silico Study Sutanto 2022 Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease doi: 10.3390/jcdd9010028
53. Spatiotemporal approximation of cardiac activation and recovery isochrones Cluitmans et al. 2021 Journal of Electrocardiology doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.12.007
54. Anatomical Model of Rat Ventricles to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias under Infarction Injury Rokeakh et al. 2021 Mathematics doi: 10.3390/math9202604
55. Sex Differences in Drug-Induced Arrhythmogenesis Peirlinck et al. 2021 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708435
56. Electrophysiological characterization of the hERG R56Q LQTS variant and targeted rescue by the activator RPR260243 Kemp et al. 2021 Journal of General Physiology doi: 10.1085/jgp.202112923
57. A computational model of pig ventricular cardiomyocyte electrophysiology and calcium handling: Translation from pig to human electrophysiology Gaur et al. 2021 PLOS Computational Biology doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009137
58. Immediate and delayed response of simulated human atrial myocytes to clinically-relevant hypokalemia Clerx et al. 2021 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651162
59. Cellular Mechanisms of the Anti-Arrhythmic Effect of Cardiac PDE2 Overexpression Wagner et al. 2021 International journal of molecular sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms22094816
60. Caveolin3 Stabilizes McT1-Mediated Lactate/Proton Transport in Cardiomyocytes Peper et al. 2021 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316547
61. Evolution of mathematical models of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology Amuzescu et al. 2020 Mathematical Biosciences doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108567
62. An integrative and translational assessment of altered atrial electrophysiology, calcium handling and contractility in patients with atrial fibrillation Fakuade (PhD Thesis) 2020 doi: 10.53846/goediss-8303
63. Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Limits the Cellular Proarrhythmic Effects of Chloroquine and Azithromycin Sutanto et al. 2020 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587709
64. Acute effects of alcohol on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: Insights from multiscale in silico analyses Sutanto et al. 2020 Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.007
65. In-silico analysis of aging mechanisms of action potential remodeling in human atrial cardiomyocites Nesterova et al. 2020 Longevity Interventions 2020 doi: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201025
66. Self-restoration of cardiac excitation rhythm by anti-arrhythmic ion channel gating Majumder et al. 2020 eLife doi: 10.7554/eLife.55921
67. Reducing complexity and unidentifiability when modelling human atrial cells Houston et al. 2020 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A doi: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0339
68. Considering discrepancy when calibrating a mechanistic electrophysiology model Lei et al. 2020 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A doi: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0349
69. Accounting for variability in ion current recordings using a mathematical model of artefacts in voltage-clamp experiments Lei et al. 2020 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A doi: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0348
70. Calibration of ionic and cellular cardiac electrophysiology models Whittaker, Clerx et al. 2020 WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1482
71. Temporal irregularity quantification and mapping of optical action potentials using wave morphology similarity O'Shea et al. 2020 Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.12.004
72. Four ways to fit an ion channel model Clerx et al. 2019 Biophysical Journal doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.001
73. Rapid characterisation of hERG channel kinetics II: temperature dependence Lei et al. 2019 Biophysical Journal doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.030
74. Rapid characterisation of hERG channel kinetics I: using an automated high-throughput system Lei et al. 2019 Biophysical Journal doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.029
75. Analysis of approaches to building a probability density function for the mathematical model parameters of rat atrial cardiomyocytes Shmarko et al. 2019 AIP Conference Proceedings doi: 10.1063/1.5134405
76. In silico study of the aging of cardiomyocytes in human and canine atriums Nesterova et al. 2019 AIP Conference Proceedings doi: 10.1063/1.5134382
77. Unsupervised learning to analysis of population of models in computational electrophysiological studies Ushenin et al. 2019 SIBIRCON doi: 10.1109/SIBIRCON48586.2019.8958141
78. Maastricht antiarrhythmic drug evaluator (MANTA): a computational tool for better understanding of antiarrhythmic drugs Sutanto et al. 2019 Pharmacological Research doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104444
79. Modelling the Electrical Activity of the Heart Alonso & Weber dos Santos 2019 In: Cardiovascular Computing - Methodologies and Clinical Applications doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5092-3_10
80. Rethinking multiscale cardiac electrophysiology with machine learning and predictive modelling Cantwell et al. 2019 Computers in Biology and Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.10.015
81. Myocyte Remodeling Due to Fibro-Fatty Infiltrations Influences Arrhythmogenicity De Coster et al. 2018 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01381
82. Muscarinic type-1 receptors contribute to IK,ACh in human atrial cardiomyocytes and are upregulated in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation Heijman et al. 2017 International Journal of Cardiology doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.050
83. Tailoring Mathematical Models to Stem-Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Lines Can Improve Predictions of Drug-Induced Changes to Their Electrophysiology Lei et al. 2017 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00986
84. Spatial Patterns of Excitation at Tissue and Whole Organ Level Due to Early Afterdepolarizations Vandersickel et al. 2017 Frontiers in Physiology doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00404
85. Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation inhibits proarrhythmic alternans in post-infarction border zone cardiomyocytes Tomek et al. 2017 AJPHeart doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2017
86. Inverse remodelling of K2P3.1 K+ channel expression and action potential duration in left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation: implications for patient-specific antiarrhythmic drug therapy Schmidt et al. 2017 European Heart Journal doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw559
87. Physiology-based Regularization of the Electrocardiographic Inverse Problem Cluitmans et al. 2017 Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing doi: 10.1007/s11517-016-1595-5
88. Fhf2 gene deletion causes temperature-sensitive cardiac conduction failure Park et al. 2016 Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms12966
89. In silico evaluation of the potential antiarrhythmic effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on cardiac channelopathies Boukhabza et al. 2016 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine doi: 10.1155/2016/7861653
90. Bioelectric memory: modeling resting potential bistability in amphibian embryos and mammalian cells Law & Levin 2015 Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling doi: 10.1186/s12976-015-0019-9
91. Applying novel identification protocols to Markov models of INa Clerx et al. 2015 Computing in Cardiology 2015 Download pre-print
92. Reducing run-times of excitable cell models by replacing computationally expensive functions with splines Clerx & Collins 2014 21st International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, July 7-11, 2014, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Download author's copy (Copyright IEEE)

Education using Myokit

I am proud and happy to report that Myokit is being used as an educational tool to let students explore cardiac cellular electrophysiology!

From personal correspondence, Myokit has been used in educational in at least the following places:

• Maastricht University
• The University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah of Fès
• The Medical University of Vienna
• Glasgow Caledonian University
• The University of Bordeaux
• The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
• The Alan Turing Institute